Soyuz-2

The Soyuz-2 is a further development to extend the service life of launch vehicle Soyuz well into the second the decade of the 21st century. The Soyuz-2 features greater payload, improved injection into orbit accuracy and eliminates the usage of high-toxic fuel components. The Soyuz-2 development was split between Soyuz-2-1A and Soyuz-2-1B phases. The first Soyuz-2-1A was launched November 2004 carrying a test payload and put into orbit the MetOp-A meteorological satellite in October 2006. The first Soyuz-2-1B was launched December 2006 carrying Corot scientific spacecraft. The Soyuz-ST is a version designed for launch from the Kourou space center in the French Guiana. The Soyuz-2 has been designed as the replacement for current Soyuz-series and Molniya-M space launch vehicles. The upgraded Soyuz-ST launch vehicle introduces an increased payload volume and weight to meet the increasing needs of international customers as well as a new digital flight control system to improve trajectory accuracy. Some parts of Soyuz/ST propulsion system have been reinforced and propellant tanks have been enlarged. The Soyuz-ST launch vehicle will carry a 10,800 lb (4,900 kg) payload to a Low Earth Orbit (LEO). Using Fregat upper stage, Soyuz-ST will deliver a 12,125 lb (5,500 kg) payload to LEO and a 10,141 lb (4,600 kg) to a Sun Synchronous Orbit (SSO). The Soyuz-2.1V is a new light rocket launcher equipped with a powerful NK-33-1 engine and capable of delivering a payload of 2.8 tons into a Low Earth Orbit. The first launch of a Soyuz-2.1V rocket launch system was scheduled for early 2013 but finally was carried out on December 28, 2013. The Soyuz-2.1b performed its final launch from Plesetsk cosmodrome on February 5, 2025. The Soyuz-2.1a will remain active launching Soyuz Progress spacecraft.

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