2K12 Kub (SA-6 Gainful) Russian Surface-to-Air Missile System

2K12

Tracked medium-range surface-to-air missile system

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2K12 Kub (SA-6 Gainful) Russian Surface-to-Air Missile System — Kub_(A).jpgTRADOC ODIN WEG

Basic Information

Name

2K12 Kub (SA-6 Gainful) Russian Surface-to-Air Missile System

Designation

2K12

Alternate Designation

—

Equipment Type

Tracked medium-range surface-to-air missile system

Manufacturer

Ulyanovsk Mechanical Plant

Date of Introduction

1967

Description

The 2K12 "Kub" (NATO reporting name: SA-6 "Gainful") mobile surface-to-air missile system is a Soviet low to medium-level air defense system designed to protect ground forces from air attack. "2К12" is the GRAU designation of the system. Each 2K12 battery consists of a number of similar tracked vehicles, one of which carries the 1S91 (SURN vehicle, NATO designation "Straight Flush") 25 kW G/H band radar (with a range of 75 km (47 mi)) equipped with a continuous wave illuminator, in addition to an optical sight. The battery usually also includes four triple-missile transporter erector launchers (TELs), and four trucks, each carrying three spare missiles and a crane. The TEL is based on a GM-578 chassis, while the 1S91 radar vehicle is based on a GM-568 chassis, all developed and produced by MMZ. The 2K12 system shares many components with the 2K11 Krug (SA-4) system. In many ways they are designed to complement each other; 2K11 is effective at long ranges and high altitudes, 2K12 at medium ranges and intermediate altitudes. The system is able to acquire and begin tracking targets using the 1S91 "Самоходная установка разведки и наведения" (SPRGU - "Self-propelled Reconnaissance and Guidance Unit" / NATO: "Straight Flush" radar) at 75 km (47 mi) and begin illumination and guidance at 28 km (17 mi). IFF is also performed using this radar. It can only guide one or two missiles to a single target at any time. The missile is initially command guided with terminal semi-active radar homing (SARH), with target illumination provided by the "Straight Flush" radar. Detonation is via either the impact or proximity fuze. On the latest models, this vehicle is also fitted with an optical tracking system which allows engagement without the use of the radar (for active RF emissions stealth reasons, or due to heavy ECM jamming) in which case the effective altitude is limited to 14 km/46000 ft. The optical tracking method also allows engagements to altitudes below that where the radar is able to track targets. The maximum target speed is around Mach 2 for head-on engagements and Mach 1 for tail-chase engagements. The top speed of the missile is approximately Mach 2.8. In contrast to the elaborate Patriot missile or even the simpler Hawk system fielded by US forces, most of the system rides on two tracked self-propelled vehicles, rather than towed or mounted on trucks, and either the launcher or control vehicle can be set to launch in only 15 minutes after changing location.

Ground Specifications

Crew 3

Mobility Type Tracked

Engine Inline 6-Cylinder Diesel (240 hp)

Max Speed 44.0 km/h

Variants

2K12 Kub The 2K12 Kub (NATO: SA-6 Gainful) was the baseline variant of the Kub family of medium-range surface-to-air missile (SAM) systems.

2K12M Kub-M This is a slightly modernised variant of the Kub, which completed development in 1968, a year after the baseline variant of the Kub entered service.

2K12E Kvadrat The Kvadrat is an export variant of the 2K12M Kub-M and was developed in 1971. It featured improvements to make it more suited to operation in tropical climates, and featured changes to the ECM protection system and the IFF system.

2K12M1 Kub-M1 This is a modernised variant of the Kub, which was accepted into service with the Russian armed forces in January 1973.

2K12M3 Kub-M3 The Kub-M3 is a modernised variant of the Kub complex, and was accepted into service with the Soviet armed forces in 1976.

2K12M3S Kub-M3S This was a variant of the Kub-M3 which is very similar in terms of capabilities, but was also provided with additional jamming resistance against some forms of EW.

2K12 Kub-M4 The Kub-M4 was a hybrid system which uses both Kub and Buk elements, and was implemented to speed along the development of the 9K37 Buk.

2K12M3A Kub-M3A This was a modernised variant of the Kub-M3 which was capable of launching the more modern 3M9M4 missile.

Yugoimport 2K12M2 Kub-M2 The Kub-M2 is an upgraded variant of the Kub-M which was demonstrated by Serbia and on 23 November 2012, and is thought to have entered service.

Akash This is an Indian modernised variant of the Kub, using a large number of indigenously-developed system components. It is known to have entered service with the Indian armed forces in 2014.

2K12-2D Kvadrat-2D This was a modernised variant of the Kvadrat which underwent many improvements to the radar and vehicle mission systems.

Kvadrat-MA The Kvadrat-MA is a deeply modernised variant of the 2K12E Kvadrat offered by Belarus, using locally-developed components.

System

Alternative Designations 2K12 Kub; SA-6 Gainful

Type Tracked medium-range surface-to-air missile system

Manufactuer Ulyanovsk Mechanical Plant (SURNs) ZiK (TELs) Still in Service in over 25 countries through Russia, Africa, and Asia.

Target Low to medium altitude FW and heli for SA-6a. FW, heli, CM for SA-6b FW, heli, TBM, CM, UAV, and ground targets for SA-6b/Kvadrat-M4.

In Service 1960-Present

Chassis Modified PT-76

Launch Vehicle 2P25 SPU Launch Vehicle

Crew 3 ea

Dimensions

Length, Hull 6.79 m

Length, with Missiles 7.39 m

Height, Hull Top 1.80 m

Height, with Missiles 3.45 m

Width 3.18 m

Tracks Length on the Ground 3.80 m

Track Width 0.36 m

Ground Clearance 0.40 m

Combat Weight 14,000 kg

Ground Pressure 0.48 kg/cm sq

Automotive

Engine Name Model V-6R

Engine Type Water-cooled, in-line 6-cylinder diesel

Engine Power 240 hp at 1,800 rpm

Power-to-weight ratio 17.14 hp/metric ton

Fuel Capacity 250 Liters

Suspension torsion bar, 6 road wheels, rear drive, front idler, two hydraulic shock absorbers, no return rollers

Transmission manual, 5 forward and 1 reverse gears

Electrical system 24 v

Batteries 2 x 12 v, 100 Ah (for vehicle)

Maximum Speed 44 km/h

Maximum Range, Road 260 km/h

Vertical Obstacle 1.00 m

Trench 2.50 m

Gradient 60 %

Side Slope 30 %

Fording 1.10 m

Communications

Tactical Radio Depends on which country the SA-6 is operating in.

Armament

Launcher 2P25 SPU Launch Vehicle

Name Kub-M3/3M9M3

Reaction Time 22-24 sec

Time Between Launches INA

Reload Time 10 min

Fire on Move No

Simultaneous targets launcher 1 ea

Simultaneous targets battery 1 ea

Simultaneous missiles battery 1-4 ea

Emplacement Time 5 min or less

Displacement Time 15 min for a battery

Missile (Option 1)

Name Kub-M1

Missiles per TEL 3 x Kub-M1 Missiles

Guidance System semi-active radar homing

Engagement Range 4–23 km

Missile Weight 630 kg

Engagement Altitude 80–8,000 m

Missile Speed Mach 1.75

Maximum Target Speed Mach 1.75

Response Time 22–24 sec

Deployment Time 5 Min

Missile (Option 2)

Name Kub-M3

Missiles per TEL 3 x Kub-M3 Missiles

Guidance System semi-active radar homing

Engagement Range 4–25 km

Engagement Altitude 20–8,000 m

Missile Speed Mach 2

Maximum Target Speed Mach 1.75

Response Time 22–24 sec

Missile Weight 630 kg

Deployment Time 5 min

Missile (Option 3)

Name Kub-M4

Missiles per TEL 3 x Kub-M4 Missiles

Guidance System semi-active radar homing

Engagement Range 4–24 km

Engagement Altitude 30–14,000 m

Missile Speed Mach 2

Maximum Target Speed Mach 1.75

Response Time 24 sec

Deployment Time 5 min

Fire Control

FCS Name INA

Computerized FCS Yes

EO sighting system TV

Commander and driver IR

IFF Pulse-doppler

Radar Vehicle

Name SURN 1S91 "Straight Flush" Radar

Type Fire control and guidance radar associated with surface-to-air „Kub“ (kyrillisch: Куб; english: cube, NATO-Bezeichnung: SA-5 Gammon) missile system.

Band It is operating in C-Band surveillance and aquisition radar, combined with an operating in I-Band tracking and illuminating radar.

Peak Power 600 kW

Maximum Range 75 km

Beamwidth 1 deg

Additional Radar Systems Available

Note The 2K12 can also be used at a regimental level, if used as such it can be accompanied by a number of additional radar systems for extended air search at longer range and lower altitude, to supplement the 1S91 "Straight Flush". These systems include the: P-12 "Spoon Rest", a VHF early warning radar (also used by the SA-2), with a 200 kilometres (120 mi) range. P-40 "Long Track", an E band early warning radar (also used by the SA-4 and SA-8), with a 370 kilometres (230 mi) range. P-15 "Flat Face A", a UHF early warning radar (also used by the SA-3, with a 150 kilometres (93 mi) range. "Thin Skin" or "Side Net" E band height finding radar (also used by the SA-2, SA-4 and SA-5, range 240 km/148 miles) "Score Board" IFF radar The "Spoon Rest" and "Thin Skin" are mounted on a truck, "Long Track" on a tracked vehicle (a modified AT-T) and "Flat Face" on a van. It is unknown what kind of mounting the "Score Board" has. Without the P-40 "Long Track" mobile radar vehicle, the 2K12 is unable to track aircraft at high altitudes.

Protection

Hull Armor Type The SA-6 vehicle is based to the ZSU-23-4 self-propelled air defence system and the ASU-85 self-propelled anti-tank gun. The transporter vehicle is made of all-welded steel with the crew compartment at the front, missiles on the turntable immediately behind the crew compartment and the engine at the rear.

Turret Armor INA

Applique Armor No

Explosive Reactive Armor No

Active Protection System INA

Mine Clearing No

Self-Entrenching Blade No

NBC Protection Yes, collective overpressure and filtration

Smoke Protection INA

Image Sources

Notes https://www.reddit.com/r/Warthunder/comments/abnn2t/are_surface_to_air_missiles_inevitable_if_so_what/; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OdDAtHumZeg; https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ZRK_KUB_2007_G1.jpg;

Details

Country of Origin Russia

Classification

Domain

Ground

Equipment Status

Active

Dimensions

Length

7.39 m

Width

3.18 m

Height

3.45 m

Weight

14000 kg

Operators (28)

Russia

United States

Ukraine

Poland

India

Iran

Soviet Union

Czech Republic

Serbia

Algeria

Angola

Armenia

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bulgaria

Cuba

Egypt

Ethiopia

Hungary

Kazakhstan

Libya

Myanmar

Romania

Slovakia

Syria

Tanzania

Turkmenistan

Vietnam

Yemen

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