Grad

BM-21 Grad, also kwon as the M-1964, is a Multiple Launch Rocket System (MLRS) capable of delivering 122mm unguided rockets at ranges of 20 kilometers. Each 122mm caliber rocket carries 23 kg of cluster, incendiary or chemical munitions. BM-21 Grad rocket launch system is mounted on a 6x6 all terrain truck. Typically, this artillery system is equipped with 40 rocket tubes but there is a variety of versions carrying from 12 to 50 rocket tubes. BM-21 Grad artillery systems have been sold to more than 50 international customers. Several variants of Grad were produced out of the borders of the Soviet Union with Czechoslovakian RM-70 outstanding among them. It was deployed during conflicts in the Middle East, Afghanistan, Iran-Iraq and Africa. Many third world countries rocket artillery units are based on Grad. The Soviet Army developed BM-27 Uragan MLRS as a replacement for BM-21 Grad. Sakr-18 is a variant of BM-21 produced by Egypt for its armed forces and export customers. BM-11 is a 30-tube variant used by North Korea. Prima is a Russian high capacity variant equipped with 50 rocket tubes. Type 81 is a Chinese variant of Grad. BM-21V and BM-21B are variants equipped with 12 and 36 rocket tubes respectively. BM-21V is a lighter version intended for use by paratroopers. The GRADLAR is a cost-effective upgrade package developed by IMI of Israel and available for users of 122mm BM-21 Grad artillery system. The upgrade adds up major components and technology from the LAR artillery rocket program. The upgraded GRADLAR system can launch either IMI's LAR or Russian/Soviet Grad rockets. In addition, this system has an improved electrical and hydraulic system plus an advanced C4I system. Romania's LAROM is an upgraded Grad system capable of firing 160mm LAR rockets.

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