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Carl Gustaf M4 (M3-E1) Swedish 84mm Man-Portable Anti-Tank Recoilless Rifle

Recoilless Gun
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Basic Information
Name
Carl Gustaf M4 (M3-E1) Swedish 84mm Man-Portable Anti-Tank Recoilless Rifle
Designation
Alternate Designation
Equipment Type
Recoilless Gun
Manufacturer
Saab Bofors Dynamics
Date of Introduction
2014
Description

At AUSA 2014, Saab Dynamics displayed its new Carl Gustaf M4 variant. Compared to the M3 MAAWS, the M4 is 3.4 kg (7.5 lb) lighter, weighing 6.6 kg (15 lb), and shorter with a 950 mm (37 in) overall length. The shorter length was in response to the need to wield the weapon in urban terrain, and weight savings were achieved through using lighter components whenever possible including a carbon fiber tube with titanium liner, as well as a new venturi design. Other new features include a red-dot sight, a travel safety catch to allow the M4 to be carried while loaded, an adjustable shoulder rest and forward grip for improved ergonomics, a shot counter to keep track of how many rounds have been fired to manage the weapon's 1,000-round barrel life, Picatinny rails for grips and sight mounts, and a remote round management function so intelligent sights can "talk" to programmable rounds. The US Defense Department agreed to evaluate the shorter and lighter M4 version over the next two years;[16] testing and qualifications were planned to be completed in spring 2017, and the weapon type was classified as the M3E1 in fall 2017, making the system available for procurement to all Department of Defense services. The first unit is planned to be equipped with the M3E1 in 2018. In April 2019, a contract of SEK168 million (USD18.1 million) was approved to supply the Australian Army with ammunition for the Carl-Gustaf M4 84 mm multipurpose weapon systems ordered by the service in September 2018. M3 was the name used for decades worldwide for the basic weapon. For the new, improved, lighter, titanium-employing weapon, first displayed in 2014, the name everyone uses is M4, except for the USA. In the US the Army designation for the US version of the improved M4 mentioned above was given the name: M3-E1. In 2017, the U.S. Army approved a requirement for 1,111 M3E1 units to be fielded to soldiers as part of an Urgent Material Release. The M3E1 is part of the Product Manager Crew Served Weapon portfolio. A key benefit of the M3E1 is that it can fire multiple types of rounds, giving soldiers increased capability on the battlefield. By using titanium, the updated M3E1, based on the M3A1 introduced in 2014, is more than six pounds lighter. The M3E1 is also 2.5 inches shorter and has an improved carrying handle, shoulder padding and an improved sighting system that can be adjusted for better comfort without sacrificing performance. The wiring harness was included in the M3E1 configuration that provides a foregrip controller and programmable fuze setter for an interchangeable fire control system. For added safety and cost savings, an automatic round counter enables Soldiers and logisticians to accurately track the service life of each weapon. The M3E1 uses the same family of ammunition as the M3, which has been successfully tested. In November 2017, the U.S. Marine Corps announced they planned to procure the M3E1 MAAWS. 1,200 M3E1s would be acquired with one fielded to every infantry squad. In addition to infantry use, the Marines are considering it to replace the Mk 153 SMAW in combat engineer squads. The weapons perform similar functions and the improvements incorporated into the new M3E1 place it in the same size and approximate weight class as the SMAW. While the SMAW weighs 2.5 lb (1.1 kg) less when loaded, the MAAWS has a greater variety of ammunition available and a maximum effective range of 1,000 meters, twice that of the SMAW. The Marines plan to test both weapons' effectiveness against bunkers to inform their decision.

Ground Specifications
Crew 2
Main Weapon 84 mm multipurpose weapon
Range 1.0 km
Variants
M1 (1948) Original, still in Service with Third-World Countries
M2 (1963) An improved, lighter and slightly shorter version, the Carl Gustaf M2, was introduced in 1964 and quickly replaced the original version.
M3 (1991) The current Carl Gustaf M3 version was introduced in 1991. It reduced the weight even further by replacing the forged steel tube with a thin steel liner containing the rifling, strengthened by a carbon fiber outer sleeve. The external steel parts were also replaced with plastics and aluminium alloys. In recent years, the M3 has found new life in a variety of roles. The British Special Air Service, United States Army Special Forces and United States Army Rangers use M3s in bunker-busting and anti-vehicle roles, while the German Bundeswehr maintains a small number of M2s for battlefield illumination. Many armies continue to use it as a viable anti-armor weapon, especially against 1950s- and 1960s-era tanks and other armored vehicles still in use worldwide.
M3 MAAWS In November 2011, the U.S. Army began ordering the M3 MAAWS for regular units deployed in Afghanistan. Soldiers were being engaged with RPGs at 900 meters, while their light weapons had effective ranges of 500–600 meters. The Gustaf allows airburst capability of troops in defilade out to 1,250 meters, and high explosive use out to 1,300 meters. While the weapon provides enhanced effectiveness, its 9.5 kg (21 lb) weight burdens troops. On 28 March 2013, USSOCOM announced a call for sources to develop a kit to lighten the M3 MAAWS and reduce overall length without affecting handling or ruggedness. By that time, Saab was developing a weight-reduced version prior to the SOCOM release that demonstrated no decrease in performance, no increase in recoil, and nearly equivalent barrel life that could be ready for government testing in 2014. Saab has also developed a new high explosive round that has a direct fire range of 1,500 meters when using a fire control system. The US Defense Department agreed to evaluate the shorter and lighter M4 version over the next two years; testing and qualifications were planned to be completed in spring 2017, and the weapon type classified as the M3E1 in fall 2017, making the system available for procurement to all Department of Defense services. The first unit is planned to be equipped with the M3E1 in 2018. In April 2019, a contract of SEK168 million (USD18.1 million) was approved to supply the Australian Army with ammunition for the Carl-Gustaf M4 84 mm multipurpose weapon systems ordered by the service in September 2018.
M4 (M3-E1) At AUSA 2014, Saab Dynamics displayed its new Carl Gustaf M4 variant. Compared to the M3 MAAWS, the M4 is 3.4 kg (7.5 lb) lighter, weighing 6.6 kg (15 lb), and shorter with a 950 mm (37 in) overall length. The shorter length was in response to the need to wield the weapon in urban terrain, and weight savings were achieved through using lighter components whenever possible including a carbon fiber tube with titanium liner, as well as a new venturi design. Other new features include a red-dot sight, a travel safety catch to allow the M4 to be carried while loaded, an adjustable shoulder rest and forward grip for improved ergonomics, a shot counter to keep track of how many rounds have been fired to manage the weapon's 1,000-round barrel life, picatinny rails for grips and sight mounts, and a remote round management function so intelligent sights can "talk" to programmable rounds.
System
Alternate Name Carl Gustaf M4; Carl Gustaf M3-E1
Type Recoilless rifle
Manufacturer Saab Bofors Dynamics (formerly Bofors Anti-Armour AB), Howa (license)[
Caliber 84 mm rifled (24 lands, progressive twist)
Cartdige 84×246 mm R
Crew 2 optimal, 1 minimal
Breech Hinged
Rate of fire 6 rounds per minute
Muzzle Velocity 230–255 m/s
Effective Firing Range, Moving Vehicles 350 to 400 m against moving vehicles
Effective Firing Range, Stationary Vehicles 500 m against stationary vehicles
Effective Firing Range, using Smoke and High Explosive Rounds 1000 m
Effective Firing Range, Rocket-Boosted Laser Guided Ammunition 2000 m
Dimensions
Length 942 mm
Bore 84 mm
Weight with Fire Control System 5.89 kg
Ammunition
Ammunition Types Current High Explosive, High Explosive Dual Purpose, Training; Future Illumination, Anti-Structure
Note Improvements to the ammunition have been continual. While the older HEAT rounds are not particularly effective against modern tank armor, the weapon has found new life as a bunker-buster with an HEDP round. In addition, improved HEAT, high explosive (HE), smoke and illumination (star shell or flare) ammunition is also available. For full effectiveness, illumination rounds have to be fired at a very high angle, creating a danger for the gunner as the backblast from firing can burn him. For this reason, several armies have retired the illumination rounds, while the U.S. Army requires that they be fired from a standing position.
FFV 751
Note FFV401 is an Area Defence Munition designed as a close-range anti-personnel round. It fires 1100 flechettes over a wide area.
FFV441
Note FFV441 is an HE round, useful in a "lobbed" trajectory to 1,000m, which can be fused to either detonate on impact or as an airburst.
FFV441B
Note FFV441B is an HE round with an effective range against personnel in the open of 1,100 m. The round arms after 20 to 70 m of flight, weighs 3.1 kg, and is fired at a muzzle velocity of 255 m/s.
FFV469
Note FFV469 is a smoke round fired like the FFV441, with a range of about 1,300 m. The 3.1 kg round is also fired at 255 m/s.
FFV502
Note FFV502 is an HEDP round with the ability to be set to detonate on either impact or one-tenth of a second afterwards. Effective range is 1,000 m against dispersed soft targets such as infantry in the open, 500 m against stationary targets and 300 m against moving targets. Minimum range is 15 to 40 m to arm the warhead. Penetration exceeds 150 mm of rolled homogeneous armour (RHA). Ammunition weight is 3.3 kg and muzzle velocity is 230 m/s.
FFV509
Note FFV509 is an ASM (Anti-Structure Munition), designed especially for destroying buildings and other types of urban constructions. The fuse has two modes, impact or a delayed function.[
FFV545
Note FFV545 is an illuminating star shell, fired up to 2,300 m maximum range, but with an effective envelope of 300 to 2,100 m. Suspended by parachute, the star shell burns for 30 seconds while producing 650,000 candela, providing a 400 to 500 m diameter area of illumination.
FFV551
Note FFV551 is the primary HEAT round and is a rocket-assisted projectile (RAP). Effective range is up to 700 m (400 m against moving targets) and penetration up to 400 mm of RHA. Ammunition weight is 3.2 kg and muzzle velocity is 255 m/s.[
FFV552
Note FFV552 is a practice round with the same ballistics as the 551.
FFV651
Note FFV651 is a newer HEAT round using mid-flight rocket assistance for ranges up to 1,000m. In theory, it has less penetration than the FFV551, but it includes a stand-off probe for the fuse to improve performance against reactive armour.
HEAT 655 CS
Note HEAT 655 CS (Confined Spaces) "high-explosive anti-tank (HEAT) round that can be fired by the 84 mm Carl Gustaf recoilless weapon from within small enclosures."
FFV751
Note FFV751 is a tandem-warhead HEAT round with an effective range of 500 m and ability to penetrate more than 500 mm of armour. Weight is 4 kg.
FFV756
Note FFV756 is an MT (Multi Target) ammunition, designed for combat in built-up areas and for incapacitating an enemy under cover inside a building or some type of fortification. The MT 756 uses a tandem charge.[
Guided Carl Gustaf Munition (GCGM)
Note Guided Carl Gustaf Munition (GCGM) is a laser guided projectile developed between Saab and Raytheon, featuring a multi-target warhead capable of defeating bunkers and moving light armored vehicles at a range of 2,000 m and capable of being fired from enclosed spaces; demonstrations planned for 2020.
Sights
Type Iron sights, optical 3×, laser rangefinder, image intensification system for the newer M3 and M4 series
Fire Control
Type Gen3, 1X Reflex, 15 degree field of vision
Details
Country of Origin Sweden
Category Recoilless Guns
Land > Infantry Weapons > Recoilless Guns
Filter Label
C
Classification
Domain
Ground
Equipment Status
Active
Dimensions
Length
0.95 m
Width
0.95 m
Height
0.95 m
Weight
5.89 kg
Operators (47)
United States
Germany
Israel
Japan
Poland
Sweden
India
Brazil
Afghanistan
Argentina
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Belize
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Canada
Chile
Denmark
Estonia
Ghana
Greece
Honduras
Hungary
Indonesia
Iraq
Ireland
Kenya
Kuwait
Latvia
Libya
Lithuania
Malaysia
Myanmar
Nepal
New Zealand
Nigeria
Norway
Portugal
Saudi Arabia
Sierra Leone
Slovakia
Slovenia
Thailand
United Arab Emirates
Venezuela
Zambia
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