Molniya-M

The Molniya launch vehicle is a member of the Soyuz space launch vehicles. The four-stage Molniya-M is the current version of the Molniya launch vehicle and is intended to transport payloads deep into space to the Moon or to the planets of the Solar System. Besides, Molniya-M can place Prognoz and Molniya spacecrafts into high-elliptical near-Earth orbit. The Plesetsk Cosmodrome is entitled for the launch Molniya-M launch vehicles utilizing the same infrastructure in operation for the Soyuz-U launch vehicle. The three-stage rocket uses non-toxic liquid propellant based on oxygen and kerosene. The upper stage (fourth stage) is fueled by cryogenic liquid propellant and ignites an hour after the Molniya-M launch in zero-gravity conditions. The Molniya rocket was retired in 2010.

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