Meteor-M

The Meteor-M is a meteorological Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite series intended to boost the Russian Federation weather forecasting capabilities operated by the Federal Space Agency Roscosmos. The Meteor-M was also designed to cut the dependence on American and European weather data because Russia until that moment did not have any operational meteorological satellite. The spacecraft carries a Severyanin-M radar operating in the centimeter wavelength providing all-weather and round-the-clock data from an altitude of 830 kilometers. Besides weather forecast, these spacecraft provide data related to Earth's ozone layer and radiation conditions in the upper atmosphere as well as information on ice floe for maritime shipping in the polar regions. The first spacecraft, Meteor-M 1, was launched onboard Soyuz 2.1b rocket from Baikonur space center in Kazakhstan on September 17, 2009. Russia will need at least six Meteor-M satellites to cover all its territory before 2030 but up to nine satellites will be procured according to plans as of July 2014.

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