Liana

The Russian Space Forces Liana Track System consists of at least four satellites designed to carry out Electronic Intelligence (ELINT) missions scanning the land, air and water from space. The Liana satellites are located at up to 1,000 kilometers from the Earth's surface into a Low Earth Orbit (LEO) and are capable of identifying and track ships, aircraft, ground vehicles and command posts analyzing their radio-electronic emissions. The Russian Armed Forces intend to use the Liana track system to rely target location data to its surface whips equipped with long-range anti-ship missiles as well as ground forces to engage critical targets such as armored units on the move or command centers. The system first launch was carried out in 2009 and the Russian Navy started integration tests in August 2014. Russian will need up to eight satellites within the Liana constellation to cover the entire Earth. The satellites used for the Liana constellation share a high degree of components and engineering solutions.

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