HQ-12A

The HongQi 12 (HQ-12), also known by its export name of KaiShan 1 (KS-1A), is a medium range air defense system intended as the replacement for the SA-2/HQ-2 air defense system in the People's Liberation Army. Its development program started in the 1980s with the fixed launch site version called KS-1 unveiled in the mid-1990s but never entered into production. The road mobile KS-1A missile system program started in the late 1990s. The system achieved initial operational capability by 2007. The HQ-12 air defense system is mounted on 6x6 trucks. The system consists of four missile launcher vehicles each equipped with two missiles mounted on ramps, a target acquisition and tracking radar system mounted on 8x8 truck and a guidance station. In addition to China, the KS-1A has been ordered by Malaysia which signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on that purpose in 2005. The HQ-12 air defense system is able to shoot down rotary- and fixed-wing aircraft at altitudes between 500 to 25,000 meters. The KS-1A radiofrequency guided missile has a maximum range of 50 kilometers and flies at Mach 3. It is said that this missile system has limited capability against cruise missiles and unmanned air vehicles (UAVs). The HQ-12 air defense is capable of guiding up to six missiles simultaneously to attack three targets, two missiles per each target to maximize kill probability.

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